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Back FITNESS FOR SERVICE Fitness for Service (FFS) is a quantitative engineering evaluation process used to assess the structural integrity and remaining service life of pressurized equipment, such as vessels, piping, and tanks, in the oil and gas, chemical, and power industries. The FFS assessment is typically performed when there is evidence of degradation, such as corrosion, cracking, dents, or other types of damage, that may compromise the equipment's ability to operate safely and reliably. The FFS assessment involves the following steps: 1) Data collection: Relevant information about the equipment, including design specifications, operating conditions, inspection data, and material properties, is gathered. 2) Flaw characterization: The type, size, and location of the detected flaws or defects are accurately characterized using non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques, such as ultrasonic testing, radiography, or visual inspection. 3) Stress analysis: The stresses acting on the defective area are calculated, taking into account the operating conditions, pressure, temperature, and other relevant factors. 4) Fracture mechanics analysis: Using fracture mechanics principles, the critical flaw size that could lead to failure is determined based on the material properties, stress levels, and defect characteristics. 5) Remaining life assessment: By comparing the actual flaw size with the critical flaw size, the remaining life or fitness for continued service of the equipment is estimated. 6) Remediation planning: Based on the FFS assessment results, appropriate remediation actions are recommended, such as repair, replacement, or continued monitoring with periodic inspections. The FFS assessment follows industry codes and standards, such as API 579 (Fitness-For-Service) or BS 7910 (Guide to Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Metallic Structures), which provide detailed methodologies and acceptance criteria for various types of flaws and equipment. The FFS assessment offers several advantages: ➣ Cost savings: By accurately evaluating the remaining life of defective equipment, unnecessary replacements or shutdowns can be avoided, resulting in significant cost savings. ➣ Safety: FFS assessments help ensure the continued safe operation of equipment by identifying and mitigating potential failure risks. ➣ Extended service life: If the FFS assessment indicates that the equipment can continue to operate safely with the existing flaws, its service life can be extended, maximizing the return on investment. ➣ Informed decision-making: The quantitative FFS assessment provides a robust technical basis for making informed decisions regarding equipment repair, replacement, or continued operation. FFS assessments are typically performed by qualified engineers or specialists with expertise in materials, stress analysis, fracture mechanics, and non-destructive examination. Accurate data collection, proper flaw characterization, and adherence to established codes and standards are critical for reliable FFS assessments.

Back SEPARATION SKID PACKAGE Separation modular process skids are prefabricated and self-contained units designed for separating multiple phases or components from process streams in various industries, such as oil and gas, petrochemical, and chemical processing.These skids integrate various separation technologies into a compact and modular package, offering flexibility, ease of installation, and efficient separation processes. ➣ Separation modular process skids typically include the following key components: ➣ Separation vessels: Depending on the application, different types of separation vessels may be incorporated, such as: ➣ Two-phase or three-phase separators for separating gas, oil/condensate, and water ➣ Filter separators for removing solid particles or liquid droplets Coalescers or separators for breaking emulsions and separating immiscible liquids Project – Three Phase Separator Skid Location - Germany A three-phase separator skid is a compact and modular processing unit designed to separate a multiphase fluid stream (typically a well stream or production stream) into its gas, liquid hydrocarbon (oil or condensate), and water components. This separation process is crucial in oil and gas production operations, as it enables the efficient handling and processing of each phase separately. The three-phase separator skid typically consists of the following main components: ➣ Separator vessel: The primary component of the skid is the separator vessel, which is a horizontally or vertically oriented pressure vessel. This vessel is designed to separate the incoming multiphase fluid stream into its gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water phases based on the differences in their densities and gravitational forces. ➣ Inlet devices: The separator skid includes inlet devices, such as a choke valve or a flow control valve, to regulate the flow of the incoming multiphase fluid stream into the separator vessel. ➣ Mist extractor: A mist extractor, often in the form of a specialized demisting pad or vane pack, is installed inside the separator vessel to remove any entrained liquid droplets from the gas phase, ensuring a cleaner gas stream. ➣ Level control system: A level control system, typically consisting of level sensors and control valves, is employed to maintain the desired liquid levels within the separator vessel for optimal separation performance. ➣ Outlet connections: The separator skid has separate outlet connections or nozzles for the gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water phases, allowing each phase to be directed to its respective downstream processing or handling facility. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: The skid is equipped with various instrumentation, such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, and flow meters, as well as a control system to monitor and regulate the separation process. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which provides a compact and transportable solution for easy installation and relocation. Three-phase separator skids are widely used in upstream oil and gas operations, particularly in offshore platforms, onshore production facilities, and well-testing operations. They play a crucial role in separating the well stream into its components, enabling efficient handling, transportation, and further processing of each phase according to the specific requirements of the production facility. These skids offer the advantages of modular design, compact footprint, and ease of installation, making them a versatile and cost-effective solution for various oil and gas production scenarios. Separation modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including: • Oil and gas production facilities for separating well streams into gas, oil/condensate, and water. • Natural gas processing plants for separating natural gas from liquids and removing contaminants. • Refinery and petrochemical processes for separating product streams or removing impurities. • Chemical processing plants for separating reactants, products, and byproducts. • Industrial wastewater treatment for separating oils, solids, and other contaminants. The specific configuration and components of a separation modular process skid are tailored to the specific application, process conditions, and separation requirements. Proper selection, sizing, and integration of the skid components are crucial for achieving efficient and reliable separation performance.

Back FLOW METERING SKID A flow metering skid, also known as a Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) skid, are specialized metering and transfer systems used in the oil and gas industry to accurately measure and transfer custody of produced liquid hydrocarbons (oil or condensate) from the production site to the pipeline or transportation system. Project - LACT SKID Location – Venezuela, South America The LACT skid typically consists of the following main components: ➣ Separators: These vessels separate the incoming multiphase fluid stream (oil, gas, and water) into individual phases. Separators may include a two-phase or three-phase separator, depending on the requirements. ➣ Metering runs: The metering runs consist of a section of piping designed to provide accurate measurement of the liquid hydrocarbons. They typically include: • Meter prover: A calibrated section of piping used to verify the accuracy of the flow meter. • Flow meter: A device that measures the volumetric flow rate of the liquid hydrocarbons, such as a turbine meter, Coriolis meter, or positive displacement meter. • Strainers and filters: These components protect the flow meter from damage caused by solid particles or debris. ➣ Sample systems: Sample systems are used to obtain representative samples of the liquid hydrocarbons for quality analysis and custody transfer purposes. ➣ Instrumentation and control systems: The LACT skid is equipped with various instrumentation, such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, and densitometers, as well as a control system to monitor and regulate the metering and custody transfer process. ➣ Valves and piping: Appropriate valves and piping are used to control the flow of fluids through the skid and facilitate maintenance and operations. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which provides a compact and transportable solution for easy installation and relocation. LACT skids ensure that the volume and quality of the liquid hydrocarbons are accurately measured and recorded, facilitating the proper allocation of production, royalty payments, and compliance with regulatory requirements. They are designed to meet industry standards and specifications for custody transfer operations, ensuring reliable and consistent measurements. These skids have been commonly used in various oil and gas production facilities, including onshore and offshore platforms, as well as in gathering and processing systems. They play a crucial role in the accurate accounting and transfer of produced hydrocarbons, enabling efficient and transparent transactions between producers, transporters, and buyers.

Back 3-D MODELLING AND CAD Technitas Pvt. Ltd. create virtual 3D models of the entire plant/facility by leveraging intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, We ensure accurate and consistent data management, efficient collaboration across disciplines, and automated generation of key deliverables, such as isometric drawings and bills of materials. This approach reduces manual effort, minimizes errors, and facilitates a more streamlined design process for small and medium-sized projects. Modular process skids, Plants and units can be modelled using intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, covering various aspects such as piping, structural steel, equipment, process and instrumentation diagrams, automatic generation of isometrics and bill of materials, clash-free layout and routing, technical specification preparation, and the utilization of 3D models for generating 2D piping general arrangement drawings and piping isometric drawings. ➣ Piping: The software allows for the creation of intelligent 3D piping models, incorporating specifications such as pipe sizes, materials, and component details. These models are connected to a centralized database, ensuring data consistency and enabling automatic updates throughout the design process. ➣ Structural Steel: The software facilitates the design of structural steel elements, such as beams, columns, and bracing, using intelligent 3D modelling tools. These models can be integrated with the piping and equipment models, ensuring proper coordination and identification of potential clashes or interferences. ➣ Equipment: The software supports the modelling of various types of equipment, including vessels, tanks, columns, and heat exchangers. These equipment models can be imported or created within the software, and their connections to piping and structural elements can be established. ➣ Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) : The software allows for the creation of intelligent P&IDs, which are linked to the 3D models and database. Changes made to the P&ID are automatically reflected in the 3D models, and vice versa, ensuring consistency throughout the design process. ➣ Automatic Generation of Isometrics and Bill of Materials: One of the key advantages of intelligent drawing and database connectivity software is the ability to automatically generate piping isometric drawings and bill of materials (BOM) directly from the 3D piping models. This automation significantly reduces manual effort and minimizes the potential for errors. ➣ Clash-Free Layout and Routing: The software includes powerful clash detection and resolution tools, enabling designers to identify and resolve potential clashes between piping, structural steel, and equipment models. This ensures a clash-free layout and routing, reducing rework and facilitating smoother construction and installation processes. ➣ Technical Specification Preparation: The software can be integrated with technical specification preparation tools, allowing designers to generate comprehensive technical specifications based on the project requirements and the 3D models. These specifications can include materials, dimensions, codes and standards, and other relevant information. ➣ 2D Piping General Arrangement Drawing Generation: The 3D models created within the software can be utilized to generate 2D piping general arrangement drawings. These drawings provide a top-down view of the piping layout, equipment locations, and other important details, serving as a reference for construction and installation activities. ➣ Piping Isometric Drawing Generation: In addition to automatic isometric generation from the 3D piping models, the software also provides tools for generating detailed piping isometric drawings. These drawings are essential for fabrication and installation, showing accurate dimensions, orientations, and locations of all piping components, including pipes, fittings, valves, and supports.

Back REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING In Canada and USA, engineers must be licensed or registered with the provincial or territorial engineering regulatory bodies to practice professional engineering and use the P.Eng. designation. Our Company President who is a Registered Professional engineer who offers a wide range of engineering services, through RLTech Canada including:- ➣ Registered Professional engineering services for vessels designed as per ASME SEC VIII DIV-1 & DIV- 2 Pressure Vessels ➣ Preparation / Review of UDS (User's design specification) ➣ ASME/ PED/ DOT-USA / Transport Canada – Vessels transporting dangerous/explosive material. ➣ Registration of designs and obtaining the Canadian Registration or Transport Canada Registration Numbers ➣ New Product Development, designing, building prototypes and testing them ➣ Application of finite element analysis for structural, fatigue analysis and thermal analysis ➣ Special Equipment for Cryogenic application. ➣ Special Equipment for Nuclear application ➣ FEA-CFD-Structural / Thermal and Fatigue Analysis ➣ Develop welding and brazing technologies for all metallic materials including exotic materials like the Titanium and its alloys., Inconel, Incoloys, Monels etc. d developing technology for joining dissimilar metals

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Back EARLY PRODUCTION FACILITY An Early Production Facility (EPF) in the oil and gas industry is a production facility designed to enable rapid production from a newly discovered crude oil production field. The modular nature of EPF process skids allows for easy transportation, rapid installation, and integration into the EPF layout. The specific combination and configuration of skids depend on the characteristics of the well fluids, production rates, and the desired level of processing required during the early production phase. Modular Process Skids: In an Early Production Facility (EPF) for the oil and gas industry, modular process skids are extensively utilized to provide a compact, prefabricated, and easily deployable solution for various processing operations. These modular skids are designed to handle the production and treatment of well fluids during the early stages of field development. Some common modular process skids found in an EPF include: ➣ Well testing skids: These skids are used for initial well testing and evaluation, incorporating equipment such as chokes, separators, and metering systems. They allow for controlled flow and separation of the well fluids, enabling accurate measurement of production rates and fluid properties. ➣ Separation skids: Separation skids incorporate two-phase or three-phase separators to separate the well stream into gas, oil/condensate, and water phases. Additional components like inlet heaters, mist extractors, and level control systems may be integrated into the skid. ➣ Stabilization skids: Stabilization skids are used to condition the produced oil or condensate by removing light hydrocarbon components and meeting transportation specifications. They may include components like heater treaters, flash tanks, and vapor recovery units. ➣ Dehydration skids: Dehydration skids, such as glycol dehydration skids, are used to remove water vapor from the gas stream, preventing hydrate formation and corrosion issues. They typically consist of a glycol contactor, regeneration system, and associated pumps and heat exchangers. ➣Metering and custody transfer skids (LACT skids): LACT (Lease Automatic Custody Transfer) skids are used for accurate measurement and custody transfer of the produced liquids (oil or condensate). They incorporate components like meter provers, flow meters, samplers, and instrumentation for precise volume and quality measurements. ➣ Produced water treatment skids: These skids are designed to treat and manage the produced water stream, removing contaminants like oil, solids, and dissolved salts. They may include various treatment processes such as hydrocyclones, nutshell filters, and compact flotation units. ➣ Flare and vent skids: Flare and vent skids are used for safe disposal of excess gases or relief during upset conditions, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations. Modular process skids in EPFs offer advantages such as standardized designs, pre-fabrication in controlled environments, and the ability to scale or reconfigure the facility as needed. They contribute to the flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and rapid deployment of EPFs, enabling operators to effectively manage the early stages of field development and maximize the value of their assets. Primary Objectives: ➣ Early cash flow generation: By bringing the field into production quickly, an EPF allows operators to generate cash flow from the sale of hydrocarbons, which can help offset some of the exploration and development costs. ➣ Reservoir evaluation: The production data and fluid samples obtained from an EPF provide valuable information about the reservoir characteristics, such as pressure, flow rates, and fluid composition, which aids in optimizing the field development plan. ➣ Proof of concept: An EPF serves as a proof of concept, demonstrating the viability of the field and the potential for commercial production, which can attract investment and support further development. ➣ An EPF in the oil and gas industry typically consists of the following key components: ➣ Well testing and production equipment: This includes wellheads, surface flow lines, chokes, and separators to control and process the well fluids. ➣ Processing facilities: Depending on the field characteristics, processing facilities may include separation units, stabilization units, dehydration units, and basic treatment systems to condition the produced hydrocarbons for transportation or storage. ➣ Storage facilities: Temporary storage tanks or vessels for holding the produced oil, gas, and water before transportation or disposal. ➣ Metering and testing equipment: Flow meters, sampling systems, and analytical equipment to measure and monitor the production rates and fluid properties. ➣ Utilities and support systems: Power generation, flaring systems, and other ancillary equipment required for the operation of the facility. Design and Construction: EPFs are designed with a focus on modularity, mobility, and rapid deployment. They are typically constructed using prefabricated and skid-mounted components, which can be easily transported and assembled on-site. The modular nature of EPFs allows for flexibility in scaling up or down the production capacity as needed, based on the initial field evaluation and subsequent development plans. EPFs are often designed to be self-contained and self-sufficient, with their own power generation, utilities, and ancillary systems, making them suitable for remote or deserted locations. Operation and Maintenance: EPFs are operated by a relatively small crew, as they are designed for temporary and streamlined operations. Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the EPF, given its temporary nature and the potential for harsh environmental conditions. Preventive maintenance programs and contingency plans are typically in place to minimize downtime and address any potential issues promptly.

Back GLYCOL DEHYDRATION PACKAGE A glycol dehydration modular process skid is a self-contained and pre-assembled unit designed for removing water vapor from natural gas streams. These skids are commonly used in natural gas processing plants, production facilities, and pipeline systems to ensure the gas meets the required dew point specifications for transportation and downstream processes. Glycol Dehydration modular package of capacity 84000 BPD A typical glycol dehydration modular process skid consists of the following key components: ➣ Glycol contactor: The main component of the skid is the glycol contactor, which is a vertical column or vessel where the natural gas stream encounters a liquid desiccant, typically triethylene glycol (TEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG). The glycol absorbs the water vapor from the natural gas as it flows counter currently through the contactor. ➣ Glycol regeneration system: This system is responsible for regenerating the rich (water-saturated) glycol solution by removing the absorbed water. It typically consists of: a. Glycol reboiler or regeneration column: A heat source (e.g., a fired reboiler or a heat exchanger) is used to vaporize the absorbed water from the rich glycol solution, producing a lean (dry) glycol solution. b. Condenser and glycol cooler: The water vapor from the regeneration column is condensed and separated, while the lean glycol solution is cooled before being recirculated back to the contactor. ➣ Glycol circulation pumps: Pumps are used to circulate the lean and rich glycol streams between the contactor and the regeneration system. ➣ Glycol flash tank: A flash tank may be included to remove any dissolved gases from the rich glycol stream before it enters the regeneration system. ➣ Heat exchangers: Various heat exchangers may be incorporated for efficient energy recovery and temperature control of the glycol streams. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: The skid consists of instrumentation such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, flow meters, and level indicators, along with a control system for monitoring and managing the dehydration process. ➣ Piping and valves: Appropriate piping and valves are included for the inlet and outlet gas streams, as well as for the glycol circulation and ancillary systems. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which enables easy transportation, installation, and relocation of the unit. GLYCOL DEHYDRATION PROCESS ➣ A glycol dehydration unit is a process unit used in the natural gas industry to remove water vapor from natural gas streams. It is an essential component in natural gas processing plants and pipeline systems, as the presence of water vapor in natural gas can lead to various problems, including hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation during transportation and processing. ➣ The glycol dehydration unit may also include additional components such as filters, pumps, heat exchangers, and control systems to ensure efficient and reliable operation. ➣ The primary objective of the glycol dehydration unit is to reduce the water vapor content of the natural gas stream to meet the desired specifications for transportation and downstream processes. Dry natural gas helps prevent hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation issues, ensuring safe and efficient transportation and processing. KEY BENEFITS OF A MODULAR SET UP Glycol dehydration modular process skids offer several advantages, including: ➣ Compact footprint: The modular design allows for efficient use of space, making it suitable for applications with limited available area, such as offshore platforms or remote locations. ➣ Pre-assembled and tested: The skids are typically pre-assembled and tested in a controlled environment, ensuring proper integration and functionality before deployment. ➣ Rapid deployment: Modular skids can be quickly transported and installed on-site, reducing project timelines and allowing for faster commissioning. ➣ Standardization: Skid manufacturers can offer standardized designs, which can lead to cost savings and streamlined maintenance procedures. Glycol dehydration modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including natural gas processing plants, offshore platforms, onshore production facilities, and pipeline systems, where effective dehydration of natural gas is essential for preventing hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation issues during transportation and downstream processes.

Back VENDOR VISITS At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. our objective is to synergize with our clients and adhere to their requirements including performing visits to their concerned sub-contractor or vendor parties either along with a client representative or on behalf of the client. Vendor visits during the fabrication of critical equipment are an essential part of quality assurance and project execution. These visits help ensure compliance with design codes, project specifications, and quality requirements. The key activities involved in vendor visits include: Throughout the vendor visits, Technical Pvt. Ltd. will maintain open communication with the vendor, address any concerns or non-conformances promptly, and document all observations and actions taken. We realize that it is crucial to make effective vendor visits to help mitigate risks, ensure compliance with project requirements, and facilitate timely delivery of high-quality equipment for successful project execution. ➣ Ensure Design Code Compliance : Review the fabrication processes and procedures to verify compliance with the applicable design codes, such as ASME, API, or project-specific codes. Verify that the fabrication methods, material selection, and welding techniques adhere to the specified code requirements. ➣ Ensure Conformity Assessment to Project/Client Specifications : Conduct a thorough review of the fabrication activities to ensure conformity with the project's technical specifications and client requirements. Assess compliance with dimensional tolerances, material specifications, and any specific design requirements outlined in the project documentation. ➣ Review Quality Procedures and Welding Procedures: Evaluate the quality control procedures implemented by the vendor, including inspection and testing plans, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, and acceptance criteria. Review the welding procedures, welder qualifications, and weld quality control measures to ensure compliance with project standards. ➣ Review Material Certificate Compliance: Verify that the materials used in fabrication are in-line with the specified material grades and compositions. Review the material certificates and test reports provided by the vendor to ensure traceability and compliance with project requirements. ➣ Witness Critical Stages as per Inspection Test Plan: Attend and witness critical fabrication stages, such as material cutting, fit-up, welding, heat treatment, and NDT, as specified in the inspection test plan (ITP). Document and report any non-conformances or deviations observed during these critical stages. ➣ Anticipate Slippages and Bottlenecks and Recommend Remedial Actions: Monitor the fabrication progress and identify potential slippages or bottlenecks that may impact the project schedule. Collaborate with the vendor to develop and implement remedial actions, such as resource allocation, process optimization, or temporary design modifications, to ensure smooth progress. ➣ Review of Final QA/QC Dossier Before Release for Shipment: Conduct a comprehensive review of the final quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) dossier prepared by the vendor. Verify that all required documentation, such as material certificates, NDT reports, inspection records, and as-built drawings, are complete and accurate. Ensure that the QA/QC dossier meets the project's documentation requirements before approving the release for shipment.

Back Design And Detail Engineering Services Our objective is to provide seamless design and drafting solutions under one roof. In the past, we have completed projects for process technologists catering to small to medium-sized plants, modular process skids, and onshore/offshore units serving our clients all across the globe and helping them achieve their EPC / End-client design requirements. We provide computer-aided design analysis and 3D model and 2D drawing-drafting services for carrying out the design and detail engineering of all types of modular process skid packages including industrial plants and units. Our analysis is based on relevant design codes and standards using licensed software tools We create the 3D model of all components including Equipment, Pumps, Piping, Control Valves, Structure Electrical, Instrumentation, and other auxiliaries to be mounted onto the modular skid package or inside the refinery/plant to ensure clash-free detection and maintenance accessibility. The Piping isometrics and skid frameworks are extracted from the 3D model. At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we ensure that our piping is well designed and safe for operation yet economically optimized, by carrying out Piping stress analysis and mark-up of pipe support on piping isometrics and point load structural analysis we ensure that there is seamless integration between piping and structural leads to ensure all loading combinations have been considered during Modular process skid design. Structural analysis of the skid base-frame, top-frame, access platforms/ladders, and pipe supports are also performed by us considering live, dead, and occasional load combinations. Lifting and transportation analysis are also performed after performing COG calculations. Foundation design is typically limited to the location, quantity, and size of the anchor bolts. Drawings are the language of the shop floor! – we truly believe our documentation and drawing layouts are clean and accurate to reduce revision cycle time during client review and to ensure that our drawings adequately incorporate the design details calculated by our design team to interface with the shop floor. We also provide design support for Automation and controls to ensure the accurate functioning and monitoring of Modular skid-mounted packages. On behalf of our client, we prepare instrument and control valve datasheets and technical documents for RFQs (Request for Quotation) to obtain quotations from respective vendors. We support our clientele during technical review stages to enable the proper selection of key vendors that adhere to client requirements and project needs. Over the years we have served various market segments including: PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT FACILITY– MODULAR SKID DESIGN A produced water treatment facility in the oil and gas industry is designed to treat and manage the water that is co-produced along with hydrocarbons (oil and gas) during production operations. This water, commonly referred to as produced water or formation water, can contain various contaminants, such as dissolved salts, suspended solids, oil and grease, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Proper treatment of produced water is essential for environmental protection, regulatory compliance, and potential reuse or disposal. Produced water treatment plant - Algeria The specific configuration and treatment processes employed in a produced water treatment facility depend on various factors, including the characteristics of the produced water, regulatory requirements, intended use or disposal method, and economic considerations. Proper treatment of produced water is crucial for minimizing environmental impacts, conserving water resources, and ensuring sustainable oil and gas production operations. A typical produced water treatment facility in the oil and gas industry may include the following components and processes: Inlet facilities: These include equipment such as separators, flow control valves, and surge tanks to receive and regulate the incoming produced water stream from the production wells or gathering systems. Primary treatment: This stage typically involves physical separation processes to remove free oil, solid particles, and larger suspended solids. Common methods include gravity separators, hydrocyclones, and corrugated plate interceptors. Secondary treatment: Depending on the water quality requirements and intended use or disposal method, secondary treatment processes may be employed. These can include: a. Dissolved gas removal (degassing) b. Filtration (e.g., multimedia filters, cartridge filters) c. Adsorption (e.g., activated carbon, organoclay) d. Chemical treatment (e.g., coagulation, flocculation, oxidation) e. Biological treatment (e.g., aerobic or anaerobic bioreactors for organic matter removal) Tertiary treatment: In some cases, advanced treatment processes may be required to meet stringent discharge or reuse standards. These can include: a. Membrane processes (e.g., reverse osmosis, nanofiltration) b. Ion exchange c. Thermal processes (e.g., evaporation, crystallization) Disinfection: Disinfection processes, such as chlorination or ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may be employed to eliminate or reduce microbial contaminants in the treated water, especially if reuse is intended. Storage and disposal: Treated produced water may be stored in tanks or ponds for subsequent disposal, such as injection into disposal wells, discharge into surface water bodies (if permitted), or reuse for various purposes (e.g., Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), hydraulic fracturing, irrigation, or industrial applications). Residuals management: The facility includes systems for managing and disposing of solid and liquid residuals generated during the treatment processes, such as sludge, concentrated brines, or spent media. Instrumentation and control systems : Automated control systems, monitoring equipment, and instrumentation are utilized to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the treatment processes.

Back PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS Pipe stress analysis is a critical aspect of piping design, ensuring that the piping systems can withstand various loads and stresses without failure or excessive deformation. At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we understand the importance of EPC client report formats and project specified loading combinations which form the basis of our analysis to consider factors such as thermal expansion, weight loads, pressure loads, wind and seismic loads, and other imposed loads. Upon completing the stress analysis, a comprehensive report is generated, we ensure that the pipe stress analysis process involves close collaboration between piping stress engineers, piping designers, and other disciplines to ensure that the piping systems are designed to withstand all anticipated loads and stresses while adhering to applicable codes, standards, and project specifications. ➣ Process Piping – Pipe stress analysis of these lines can be designed as per specified codes and standards such as ASME B31.3 – PROCESS PIPING ➣ Metallic or Non-Metallic Process Piping- The type of piping material, whether metallic (e.g., carbon steel, stainless steel, alloys) or non-metallic (e.g., plastic, fiberglass-reinforced plastic, rubber), plays a crucial role in the stress analysis. Different materials have varying properties, such as thermal expansion coefficients, allowable stresses, and temperature limits, which must be considered. ➣ Cladded or Non-Cladded Process Piping - Cladding is a process where a corrosion-resistant material (e.g., stainless steel) is metallurgically bonded to a base material (e.g., carbon steel). Cladded piping requires special considerations in stress analysis due to the different material properties of the cladding and the base material. ➣ Vacuum jacketed piping is a specialized piping system used in applications where highly efficient insulation is required, such as in cryogenic processes, liquefied gas handling, or low-temperature applications ➣ Pipelines - For long-distance pipelines, the stress analysis must account for factors like terrain profile, soil conditions, temperature variations, and potential ground movements or settlements. Specific codes and standards, such as ASME B31.4 and B31.8, are used for pipeline stress analysis. ➣ Slurry Piping - Pipe stress analysis of these lines can be designed as per specified codes and standards such as ASME B31.11 – Slurry Transportation Piping Systems.

Back FEA AND CFD Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are powerful numerical simulation techniques widely used in engineering design and analysis. FEA is a computational method used to analyse and predict the behaviour of structures, components, and systems under various loading conditions and physical effects. It is particularly useful for evaluating stresses, deformations, vibrations, and thermal effects in complex geometries. FEA is widely used in industries like Oil & Gas, Petrochemical, Aerospace and Automobile typically for designing and optimizing components, evaluating structural integrity, and predicting failure modes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD): CFD is a numerical simulation technique used to analyse and predict fluid flow, heat transfer, and related phenomena in complex geometries. It is extensively used in various engineering applications, including aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, chemical processes, and HVAC systems. CFD is used in various industries, including aerospace (aircraft and rocket design), automotive (aerodynamics and thermal management), chemical and process engineering (reactor design, mixing, and separation), and building design (HVAC and ventilation systems). Both FEA and CFD rely on powerful computational resources and advanced software packages. These techniques allow engineers and designers to evaluate design alternatives, optimize performance, and gain insights into complex physical phenomena, reducing the need for expensive and time-consuming physical prototyping and testing. It's important to note that while FEA and CFD provide valuable insights, they should be used in conjunction with experimental data and validation, as well as engineering judgment and experience, to ensure accurate and reliable results.