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SERVICES PRE-BID ENGINEERING AND FEED View More PROCESS DESIGN View More EQUIPMENT DESIGN View More PIPING ENGINEERING View More PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS View More 3-D MODELLING AND CAD View More STRUCTURAL DESIGN View More ELECTRICAL AND INSTRUMENTATION View More FEA AND CFD View More REGISTERED PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING View More PROCUREMENT SUPPORT View More VENDOR VISITS View More

30cebf6c-6dc1-48b1-a941-e6a7285e1464 Back Fitness for Service Fitness for Service (FFS) is a quantitative engineering evaluation process used to assess the structural integrity and remaining service life of pressurized equipment, such as vessels, piping, and tanks, in the oil and gas, chemical, and power industries. The FFS assessment is typically performed when there is evidence of degradation, such as corrosion, cracking, dents, or other types of damage, that may compromise the equipment's ability to operate safely and reliably. The FFS assessment involves the following steps: 1) Data collection: Relevant information about the equipment, including design specifications, operating conditions, inspection data, and material properties, is gathered. 2) Flaw characterization: The type, size, and location of the detected flaws or defects are accurately characterized using non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques, such as ultrasonic testing, radiography, or visual inspection. 3) Stress analysis: The stresses acting on the defective area are calculated, taking into account the operating conditions, pressure, temperature, and other relevant factors. 4) Fracture mechanics analysis: Using fracture mechanics principles, the critical flaw size that could lead to failure is determined based on the material properties, stress levels, and defect characteristics. 5) Remaining life assessment : By comparing the actual flaw size with the critical flaw size, the remaining life or fitness for continued service of the equipment is estimated. 6) Remediation planning : Based on the FFS assessment results, appropriate remediation actions are recommended, such as repair, replacement, or continued monitoring with periodic inspections. The FFS assessment follows industry codes and standards, such as API 579 (Fitness-For-Service) or BS 7910 (Guide to Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Metallic Structures), which provide detailed methodologies and acceptance criteria for various types of flaws and equipment. The FFS assessment offers several advantages: ➣ Cost savings : By accurately evaluating the remaining life of defective equipment, unnecessary replacements or shutdowns can be avoided, resulting in significant cost savings. ➣ Safety : FFS assessments help ensure the continued safe operation of equipment by identifying and mitigating potential failure risks. ➣ Extended service life : If the FFS assessment indicates that the equipment can continue to operate safely with the existing flaws, its service life can be extended, maximizing the return on investment. ➣ Informed decision-making : The quantitative FFS assessment provides a robust technical basis for making informed decisions regarding equipment repair, replacement, or continued operation. FFS assessments are typically performed by qualified engineers or specialists with expertise in materials, stress analysis, fracture mechanics, and non-destructive examination. Accurate data collection, proper flaw characterization, and adherence to established codes and standards are critical for reliable FFS assessments.

9739a41e-8bc1-42d5-a27e-b764d21efa1f Back Separation Skid Package Separation modular process skids are prefabricated and self-contained units designed for separating multiple phases or components from process streams in various industries, such as oil and gas, petrochemical, and chemical processing. These skids integrate various separation technologies into a compact and modular package, offering flexibility, ease of installation, and efficient separation processes. ➣ Separation modular process skids typically include the following key components: ➣ Separation vessels: Depending on the application, different types of separation vessels may be incorporated, such as: ➣ Two-phase or three-phase separators for separating gas, oil/condensate, and water ➣ Filter separators for removing solid particles or liquid droplets Coalescers or separators for breaking emulsions and separating immiscible liquids Project – Three Phase Separator Skid Location - Germany A three-phase separator skid is a compact and modular processing unit designed to separate a multiphase fluid stream (typically a well stream or production stream) into its gas, liquid hydrocarbon (oil or condensate), and water components. This separation process is crucial in oil and gas production operations, as it enables the efficient handling and processing of each phase separately. The three-phase separator skid typically consists of the following main components: ➣ Separator vessel: The primary component of the skid is the separator vessel, which is a horizontally or vertically oriented pressure vessel. This vessel is designed to separate the incoming multiphase fluid stream into its gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water phases based on the differences in their densities and gravitational forces. ➣ Inlet devices: The separator skid includes inlet devices, such as a choke valve or a flow control valve, to regulate the flow of the incoming multiphase fluid stream into the separator vessel. ➣ Mist extractor: A mist extractor, often in the form of a specialized demisting pad or vane pack, is installed inside the separator vessel to remove any entrained liquid droplets from the gas phase, ensuring a cleaner gas stream. ➣ Level control system: A level control system, typically consisting of level sensors and control valves, is employed to maintain the desired liquid levels within the separator vessel for optimal separation performance. ➣ Outlet connections: The separator skid has separate outlet connections or nozzles for the gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water phases, allowing each phase to be directed to its respective downstream processing or handling facility. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: The skid is equipped with various instrumentation, such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, and flow meters, as well as a control system to monitor and regulate the separation process. ➣ Skid structure : The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which provides a compact and transportable solution for easy installation and relocation. Three-phase separator skids are widely used in upstream oil and gas operations, particularly in offshore platforms, onshore production facilities, and well-testing operations. They play a crucial role in separating the well stream into its components, enabling efficient handling, transportation, and further processing of each phase according to the specific requirements of the production facility. These skids offer the advantages of modular design, compact footprint, and ease of installation, making them a versatile and cost-effective solution for various oil and gas production scenarios. Separation modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including: • Oil and gas production facilities for separating well streams into gas, oil/condensate, and water. • Natural gas processing plants for separating natural gas from liquids and removing contaminants. • Refinery and petrochemical processes for separating product streams or removing impurities. • Chemical processing plants for separating reactants, products, and byproducts. • Industrial wastewater treatment for separating oils, solids, and other contaminants. The specific configuration and components of a separation modular process skid are tailored to the specific application, process conditions, and separation requirements. Proper selection, sizing, and integration of the skid components are crucial for achieving efficient and reliable separation performance.

bec3f2d7-384a-40fc-98af-a880c4e58fcf Back PROCESS DESIGN The process design stage is critical for the development of a new chemical process or the modification of an existing one. At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we ensure that during the process design stage there is a seamless collaboration between our process engineers, piping engineers, instrumentation engineers, and other disciplines to ensure a safe, efficient, and operable process design. The outputs of this stage serve as the basis for detailed engineering, procurement, and construction activities. The essential process design deliverables typically required for any small-medium sized project include the following: - ➣ Process Simulation (HYSYS/PRO-II) - Process simulations are carried out using specialized software like Aspen HYSYS or PRO-II to model the process behavior and performance. These simulations help in optimizing process conditions, sizing equipment, and predicting process streams and properties. Different scenarios and "what-if" cases can be analyzed to arrive at the most efficient and economical process design. ➣ Heat & Mass Balance Detailed heat and mass balances are performed to ensure the conservation of energy and material throughout the process. These calculations help in determining the energy requirements, utility needs, and material flows at various points in the process. ➣ Piping and Equipment Sizing Based on the process conditions and flow rates obtained from simulations and mass balances, the sizes of pipes, vessels, and other equipment are determined. Appropriate design codes and standards are followed for the sizing calculations, considering factors like pressure, temperature, corrosion allowance, and fluid properties. ➣ CV Sizing Calculations Control valve (CV) sizing calculations are performed to select the appropriate valve size and trim characteristics based on the process conditions and flow requirements. These calculations ensure proper control valve performance and avoid issues like cavitation, flashing, or excessive noise. ➣ Process and Flow Diagram (PFD) alternatively a block flow diagram would be prepared for the concerned plant or unit, this would include a graphical representation of the overall process, showing the major equipment, material flows, and process conditions. It serves as the basis for a more detailed Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) and helps in visualizing the process flow. ➣ Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we believe that the P&ID is the central basis for reference and must be a comprehensive technical drawing that depicts the interconnection of process equipment, piping, instrumentation, and control systems. It would typically include details like line sizes, equipment specifications, valve types, and instrumentation tagging, providing a detailed representation of the process. ➣ Hydraulic/Pressure Drop Calculations Hydraulic calculations are performed to determine the pressure drop across various segments of the piping system, considering factors like pipe size, flow rates, fluid properties, and piping configurations. These calculations ensure proper sizing of pumps, compressors, and other equipment to overcome the pressure losses in the system. ➣ Valve Sizing In addition to control valves, other types of valves like isolation valves, relief valves, and check valves are sized based on the process conditions and flow requirements. Valve sizing calculations consider factors like pressure drop, flow rate, and fluid properties to ensure proper valve selection and performance. ➣ Valve Datasheets Valve datasheets are prepared for each valve in the process, summarizing key information like valve type, size, material of construction, pressure and temperature ratings, and other specifications. These datasheets are used for procurement and ensure that the correct valves are selected and installed. ➣ Pump Sizing Pump sizing calculations are performed to select the appropriate pump type, size, and configuration based on the process requirements, such as flow rate, pressure head, and fluid properties. Factors like pump efficiency, NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head), and system curves are considered during the sizing process. ➣ Pump Datasheets - Pump datasheets are prepared to document the specifications of each pump in the process, including details like pump type, capacity, head, efficiency, materials, and other relevant information. ➣ Instrument Datasheets Instrument datasheets are prepared for each instrument in the process, such as flow meters, temperature transmitters, pressure gauges, and control systems. These datasheets contain information like instrument type, range, accuracy, materials, process conditions, and other relevant details for procurement and installation. ➣ Lists – A comprehensive list of components including their tag numbers, this would typically include Equipment lists, pump lists, valve lists, and instrument list.

a9dfff68-a7f3-4304-a135-5cd0f762f57e Back PRE-BID ENGINEERING AND FEED We can provide design support to your sales team during the tendering and preconception stages of the project while pre-bidding and estimation, where the level of detail depicted in the preliminary drawings and specific deliverables may vary depending on the project scope, complexity, and industry standards. Additionally, the design process often involves iterative reviews, calculations, and coordination among various engineering disciplines to ensure compliance with codes, standards, and project specifications. Our typical pre-bid engineering services are as enlisted below: - ➣ Preparation of Plot Plan - This would include a layout of the plant area, including the arrangement of major equipment, buildings, access roads, and other facilities. It considers factors like process flow, safety distances, future expansions, and site constraints. ➣ Preparation of PFD (Process Flow Diagram) - During the tendering/ pre-bidding stage the PFD would typically represent the overall process, showing the major equipment and the flow of materials through the process units. It serves as the basis for the more detailed P&ID. ➣ P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram) - During the feed or pre-bidding stage a preliminary P&ID is prepared, where the objective is to depict the interconnection of process equipment, piping, instrumentation, and control systems. ➣ 3D Model of the Facilities - Some of our clients prefer to create a primitive 3D model of the plant to include it as a part of their technical offer because it helps them visualize their plant/facility layout during the bidding stages. ➣ 2D Piping GA (General Arrangement) Drawing : The 2D Piping GA drawing is a top-down view of the piping layout, showing the major equipment locations and process piping layout and initial scheme. ➣ Equipment Pre-Bid Design : Before finalizing equipment purchases, pre-bid designs are prepared for major equipment like storage tanks, columns, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, and rectangular tanks. These designs include detailed specifications, dimensions, and requirements to obtain accurate quotes from vendors. ➣ Electrical and Instrumentation : This aspect involves designing the electrical power distribution system, control systems, instrumentation, and automation required for the plant. It includes selecting appropriate equipment, cable routing, control panel layouts, and integrating with the process control systems. ➣ Bill of Quantities (BOQ): The BOQ serves as the basis for cost estimation, procurement, and construction planning. In most cases the Bill of Quantities would typically include a detailed list of materials, equipment, and components required for the project. Separate BOQs may be prepared for different aspects, such as: Storage Tanks Columns Heat Exchangers Pressure Vessels Rectangular Tanks Piping and Pipe Supports Skid and Structural Access Platforms Electrical and Instrumentation

b937c31b-d473-4560-b41a-8c6fcd23ac68 Back Filtration Skid Package FILTERATION MODULAR PROCESS SKIDS Filtration modular process skids are compact and self-contained units designed for various filtration processes in the oil and gas, chemical, and other industries. These skids integrate multiple components and equipment required for filtration operations into a single modular package, providing a flexible and efficient solution for process applications. Filtration modular process skids typically consist of the following main components: ➣ Filter vessels: Depending on the filtration process and application, different types of filter vessels may be included, such as cartridge filters, bag filters, multimedia filters, or pressure leaf filters. ➣ Pumps: The skid incorporates pumps to circulate and transfer the process fluids through the filtration system. Common pump types used include centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps, or specialized pumps for handling specific fluid characteristics. ➣ Piping and valves: A network of piping and valves is integrated into the skid to direct the flow of fluids between different components and allow for proper isolation, control, and maintenance. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: Various instrumentation, such as flow meters, pressure gauges, and level indicators, are included to monitor and control the filtration process. The skid may also have a local control panel or be integrated with a larger plant control system. ➣ Ancillary equipment: Depending on the application, additional equipment may be included, such as backwash systems, air blowers, chemical dosing systems, or sludge handling systems. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which allows for easy transportation, installation, and relocation. Filtration modular process skids offer several advantages over traditional, field-erected filtration systems: ➣ Compact footprint: The modular design allows for efficient use of space, making it suitable for applications with limited available area. ➣ Pre-assembled and tested: The skids are typically pre-assembled and tested in a controlled environment, ensuring proper integration and functionality before deployment. ➣ Rapid deployment: Modular skids can be quickly transported and installed on-site, reducing project timelines and allowing for faster commissioning. ➣ Flexibility: The modular nature of the skids allows for easy modification, expansion, or reconfiguration to accommodate changing process requirements or future upgrades. ➣ Standardization: Skid manufacturers can offer standardized designs, which can lead to cost savings and streamlined maintenance procedures. Filtration modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including: • Produced water treatment in oil and gas production facilities • Process water treatment in refineries and petrochemical plants • Industrial wastewater treatment • Pretreatment for reverse osmosis or other membrane processes • Solid-liquid separation in mining and mineral processing operations The specific configuration and components of a filtration modular process skid are tailored to the specific application, fluid characteristics, and treatment requirements. Proper selection, sizing, and integration of the skid components are crucial for achieving efficient and reliable filtration performance. REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM NATURAL GAS WITH AMINE FILTRATION An amine filtration skid is a modular and transportable equipment used in the oil and gas industry for the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas or other gas streams. It typically consists of the following main components: Amine Filtration Skid – Germany Amine Contactor: This is a vertical column or vessel where the gas stream is brought into contact with a liquid amine solution, typically an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The amine solution selectively absorbs H2S and CO2 from the gas stream. Amine Regenerator: This is another column or vessel where the rich amine solution (containing absorbed H2S and CO2) is heated to release the absorbed gases. The regenerated lean amine solution is then recycled back to the amine contactor. Amine Circulation Pumps: These pumps are used to circulate the amine solution between the contactor and regenerator. Heat Exchanger: A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the hot, regenerated lean amine solution to the rich amine solution before it enters the regenerator, improving the overall energy efficiency of the process. Filters and Separators: Various filters and separators are included to remove any solid particles, liquid hydrocarbons, or other contaminants from the gas stream and amine solution. Instrumentation and Control Systems: The skid is equipped with instrumentation and control systems to monitor and regulate the process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, flow rates, and amine solution concentrations. The amine filtration skid is designed to be compact, modular, and portable, allowing it to be easily transported and installed at various oil and gas production sites or processing facilities. It is typically used as a pre-treatment step before other gas processing operations, such as dehydration or liquefaction, to ensure that the gas stream meets the required specifications for downstream processes or transportation. NUT SHELL FILTER AND HYDRO-CYCLONE FILTER SKID PRODUCED WATER Nut shell filter and hydro-cyclone filter skids are commonly used in the treatment of produced water in the oil and gas industry. These skids are designed to remove solid particles and other contaminants from the produced water stream. Here's an overview of each component: Nut Shell Filter Skid: Nut shell filters, also known as walnut shell filters or pecan shell filters, are a type of granular media filter that uses crushed nut shells as the filter media. The nut shell filter skid typically consists of the following components: a. Filter vessel: A pressure vessel containing the nut shell media bed. b. Influent and effluent connections: Piping connections for the untreated and treated water streams. c. Backwash system: A system for periodically backwashing the filter to remove accumulated solids and maintain filter performance. d. Instrumentation and controls: Instruments for monitoring pressure, flow, and other parameters, along with controls for automated operation. Nut shell filters are effective in removing suspended solids, including sand, silt, and other insoluble particles, from produced water. They are commonly used as a pre-treatment step before other treatment processes, such as desalination or water injection. Hydro-cyclone Filter Skid: Hydro-cyclone filters are centrifugal separation devices that use centrifugal force to remove solid particles from the fluid stream. A hydro-cyclone filter skid typically includes: a. Hydro-cyclone vessel(s): Conical vessels where the centrifugal separation occurs. b. Inlet and outlet connections: Piping connections for the untreated and treated water streams, as well as connections for the underflow (concentrated solids). c. Pumps: Pumps to provide the necessary pressure and flow for the hydro-cyclone operation. d. Instrumentation and controls: Instruments for monitoring pressure, flow, and other parameters, along with controls for automated operation. Hydro-cyclone filters are effective in removing coarse and dense solid particles, such as sand, from produced water. They are often used as a pre-treatment step before other filtration or treatment processes, as they can handle high solids loading and reduce the burden on downstream equipment. Both nut shell filter and hydro-cyclone filter skids are designed for modular and skid-mounted installation, making them easily transportable and suitable for various produced water treatment facilities. They can be used in combination with other treatment processes, such as coagulation, dissolved air flotation, or membrane filtration, to achieve the desired level of produced water treatment. The selection and configuration of these skids depend on factors such as the characteristics of the produced water, the required effluent quality, and the overall treatment process design. Proper operation and maintenance of these skids are crucial for ensuring efficient and reliable produced water treatment.

3cf4f625-0fdd-4ca7-97a8-2d5bb7e6a620 Back PROCUREMENT SUPPORT At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we perceive that Procurement Engineering Support plays a vital role in bridging the gap between engineering design and procurement activities, facilitating effective communication, and ensuring that the procured items align with the project's technical specifications and requirements. Our activities on Procurement engineering support involve: - ➣ During the initial stages of the project we carry out Estimation engineering involving the process of accurately estimating the costs, resources, and timelines associated with engineering projects. ➣ Preparation of Pre-bid Weight Estimation Sheet : A pre-bid weight estimation sheet is prepared to estimate the approximate weights of various equipment, piping, structural steel, and other materials required for the project. This estimation is based on preliminary design information, equipment specifications, and historical data from similar projects. The weight estimation sheet serves as a basis for logistics planning, transportation arrangements, and lifting/handling equipment requirements during the construction phase. ➣ Preparation of Valve Datasheets : These datasheets typically include information such as valve type, size, material of construction, pressure and temperature ratings, end connections, actuator requirements, and any special design conditions. ➣ Preparation of Mechanical Datasheets : Mechanical datasheets are prepared for various mechanical equipment, such as pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, vessels, and tanks. ➣ Preparation of Instrument Datasheets : Instrument datasheets are developed for various instrumentation and control devices used in the project, such as flow meters, pressure transmitters, temperature sensors, and control valves. ➣ Preparation of Material Requisition Documentation : The material requisition documentation serves as the basis for issuing requests for quotations (RFQs) or requests for proposals (RFPs) to potential suppliers and vendors. ➣ Preparing technical specifications and scope of work documents (SOW), requests for quotations (RFQs), and bid packages for suppliers and vendors. ➣ Identifying and evaluating potential subcontractors and service providers for various project scopes. ➣ Evaluating and selecting qualified subcontractors based on technical expertise, experience, pricing, and schedule compliance. ➣ Utilizing historical data , industry benchmarks, and cost databases to establish accurate cost estimates. ➣ Conducting value engineering and cost optimization studies to identify potential cost savings opportunities.

90576826-3492-48c4-b848-b8c4b6c7ebcb Back 3-D MODELLING AND CAD Technitas Pvt. Ltd. create virtual 3D models of the entire plant/facility by leveraging intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, We ensure accurate and consistent data management, efficient collaboration across disciplines, and automated generation of key deliverables, such as isometric drawings and bills of materials. This approach reduces manual effort, minimizes errors, and facilitates a more streamlined design process for small and medium-sized projects. Modular process skids, Plants and units can be modelled using intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, covering various aspects such as piping, structural steel, equipment, process and instrumentation diagrams, automatic generation of isometrics and bill of materials, clash-free layout and routing, technical specification preparation, and the utilization of 3D models for generating 2D piping general arrangement drawings and piping isometric drawings. ➣ Piping: The software allows for the creation of intelligent 3D piping models, incorporating specifications such as pipe sizes, materials, and component details. These models are connected to a centralized database, ensuring data consistency and enabling automatic updates throughout the design process. ➣ Structural Steel: The software facilitates the design of structural steel elements, such as beams, columns, and bracing, using intelligent 3D modelling tools. These models can be integrated with the piping and equipment models, ensuring proper coordination and identification of potential clashes or interferences. ➣ Equipment: The software supports the modelling of various types of equipment, including vessels, tanks, columns, and heat exchangers. These equipment models can be imported or created within the software, and their connections to piping and structural elements can be established. ➣ Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) : The software allows for the creation of intelligent P&IDs, which are linked to the 3D models and database. Changes made to the P&ID are automatically reflected in the 3D models, and vice versa, ensuring consistency throughout the design process. ➣ Automatic Generation of Isometrics and Bill of Materials: One of the key advantages of intelligent drawing and database connectivity software is the ability to automatically generate piping isometric drawings and bill of materials (BOM) directly from the 3D piping models. This automation significantly reduces manual effort and minimizes the potential for errors. ➣ Clash-Free Layout and Routing: The software includes powerful clash detection and resolution tools, enabling designers to identify and resolve potential clashes between piping, structural steel, and equipment models. This ensures a clash-free layout and routing, reducing rework and facilitating smoother construction and installation processes. ➣ Technical Specification Preparation: The software can be integrated with technical specification preparation tools, allowing designers to generate comprehensive technical specifications based on the project requirements and the 3D models. These specifications can include materials, dimensions, codes and standards, and other relevant information. ➣ 2D Piping General Arrangement Drawing Generation: The 3D models created within the software can be utilized to generate 2D piping general arrangement drawings. These drawings provide a top-down view of the piping layout, equipment locations, and other important details, serving as a reference for construction and installation activities. ➣ Piping Isometric Drawing Generation: In addition to automatic isometric generation from the 3D piping models, the software also provides tools for generating detailed piping isometric drawings. These drawings are essential for fabrication and installation, showing accurate dimensions, orientations, and locations of all piping components, including pipes, fittings, valves, and supports.

be146099-2f9f-4e8d-bfcf-b91befb0f818 Back EQUIPMENT DESIGN At Technitas Pvt. Ltd., Static Equipment design involves thorough engineering calculations, adherence to relevant codes and standards, project specification, and considerations for various loading conditions, operational requirements, and safety factors. Our software tools and team of checkers and reviewers ensure reduced client approval cycle time. We ensure that there is a seamless collaboration and effective interface between our designers and drafting team while performing mechanical design calculations, preparing drawings, and documentation. In some cases, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and other advanced computational methods are often employed for complex geometries or loading scenarios especially for nozzles which must sustain higher loading conditions, or in cases where fatigue analysis is required. Equipment categories include the following: - ➣ Vertical pressure vessels are cylindrical vessels with their axis oriented vertically, commonly used for storage, processing, or separation of liquids and gases under pressure. Design aspects include shell thickness calculations, head types (e.g., ellipsoidal, hemispherical), nozzle reinforcements, and support types (skirt, leg, or trunnion). This includes, Agitator vessels, tanks, reactors, filters, etc. ➣ Skirt Support ➣ Leg Support ➣ Trunnion Support ➣ Conical Bottom Head ➣ Horizontal Pressure Vessels - Horizontal pressure vessels are cylindrical vessels with their axis oriented horizontally, often used for storage or processing of liquids and gases. Design aspects include shell thickness calculations, head types (e.g., ellipsoidal, torispherical), saddle support locations, and nozzle reinforcements. ➣ Vessels with Limpet Coils / half-pipe jacket - Vessels with limpet coils have external coils or jackets attached to the vessel shell for heating or cooling purposes. Design considerations include coil sizing, coil attachment methods, thermal expansion provisions, and potential for shell temperature gradients. ➣ Jacketed Vessels – Consist of an outer jacket or shell surrounding the main vessel, creating an annular space that can be used for heating, cooling, or insulation purposes. Design aspects include jacket sizing, support arrangements, nozzle extensions, and provisions for thermal expansion. ➣ Storage Tanks (API 650) - Large-scale storage tanks for liquids and gases are designed according to the API 650 standard, Key design factors include tank capacity, product density, operating pressure and temperature, roof type (fixed or floating), and foundation design. ➣ Rectangular tanks used for storage or processing of liquids and are designed based on principles from Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain or Young's Formulas for Stress and Strain. Design considerations include plate thickness calculations, stiffener sizing and spacing, nozzle reinforcements, and foundation design. ➣ Heat Exchanger (TEMA) - Heat exchangers are designed to facilitate heat transfer between two or more fluid streams, following the standards set by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA). Design aspects include shell and tube sizing, tube bundle layout, baffle spacing, and considerations for pressure drop, fouling, and thermal expansion. ➣ Columns/Tall Towers/Steel Stacks - Columns, tall towers, and steel stacks are vertical structures used for separation, absorption, or emission of gases or liquids. Design factors include column/tower height, diameter, wall thickness calculations, wind and seismic load considerations, and support structures (e.g., skirts, lugs, or guy wires).

d6ddcac2-2106-4fd9-964e-0481ebf7f664 Back PIPING ENGINEERING At Technitas Pvt. Ltd., we ensure that the Piping design phase involves close collaboration between piping designers, process engineers, stress analysts, and other disciplines to ensure that the piping systems are designed in compliance with applicable codes and standards, meeting the project requirements and specifications while considering factors such as accessibility, maintainability, and cost-effectiveness. Typical set of piping engineering deliverables include :- ➣ Plot Plan- Detailed layout drawing would depict the entire plant area, including the arrangement of major equipment, buildings, access roads, and other facilities. It would serve as the basis for piping routing and helps identify potential clashes or interferences during the piping design phase. ➣ Piping Line List / Critical Line List - The piping line list is a document that lists all the individual piping lines in the plant, along with their unique line numbers, service descriptions, and other relevant information. A critical line list identifies the piping lines that are critical to the process or safety, requiring additional attention and specific design considerations. ➣ Piping Material Specifications (PMS) - The PMS is a document that specifies the materials of construction for piping components, such as pipes, fittings, valves, and flanges. It considers factors like process conditions, fluid properties, and corrosion resistance requirements. The PMS ensures consistency in material selection and compliance with relevant codes and standards. ➣ 3-D Modeling of Plant Piping - Advanced 3D modeling software is used to create a comprehensive 3D model of the plant piping systems. The 3D model helps visualize the piping layout, identify potential clashes or interferences, and supports the generation of isometric drawings and other fabrication documents. ➣ Piping Layout Drawing - The piping layout drawing is a detailed 2D or 3D representation of the piping systems, showing the actual routing, elevations, and connections to equipment. It includes information such as pipe sizes, materials, and locations of valves, fittings, and other components. The piping layout drawing is used for construction, fabrication, and installation purposes. ➣ Piping Material Take-Off - The piping material take-off is a detailed list of all the piping components required for the project, including pipes, fittings, valves, flanges, and gaskets. It is generated based on the piping layout drawings and is used for procurement and material planning purposes. ➣ Piping Isometric Drawings - Piping isometric drawings are 3D representations of individual piping lines or spools, showing accurate dimensions, orientations, and the locations of all components (pipes, fittings, valves, etc.).These drawings are used for fabrication purposes and serve as a reference for welders and pipefitters during installation. ➣ Valve List – list of all the valves used in the piping systems, along with their unique valve numbers, types, sizes, materials, and other relevant information. It is used for procurement, installation, and maintenance purposes. ➣ Valve Datasheets - Valve datasheets are comprehensive documents that provide detailed specifications for each valve, including dimensions, pressure and temperature ratings, materials of construction, and other technical information. These datasheets ensure that the correct valves are procured and installed in the piping systems. ➣ Piping Support Schedule - The piping support schedule document would include a list of all the pipe supports required for the piping systems, including their types, locations, and loading information. It is used for the design and fabrication of pipe supports and ensures adequate support for the piping systems. ➣ Pipe Support Drawings – Detail fabrication drawings that show the design and dimensions of various pipe support types, such as guides, anchors, shoes, and spring hangers. These drawings are used for the fabrication and installation of pipe supports, ensuring proper support and allowing for thermal expansion and contraction of the piping systems.

99ce2145-f6b5-4472-bc0b-7ba8460df407 Back STRUCTURAL DESIGN Structural design for skid frames is an important aspect in the oil and gas, petrochemical, and process industries. Skid frames are typically used to support and integrate multiple pieces of equipment, piping, and instrumentation into a modular unit, facilitating transportation, installation, and maintenance. Technitas Pvt. Ltd. ensure that the structural design of skid frames involve seamless collaboration between structural engineers, equipment vendors, piping designers, and other disciplines to ensure a safe, robust, and practical design that meets the project requirements and facilitates efficient transportation, installation, and operation. At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we consider all the key steps involved in structural design for skid frames including: ➣ Design Codes and Standards: The structural design of skid frames is typically governed by relevant design codes and standards, such as ASCE/SEI 7-10 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures) , AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code - Steel), and local building codes or project-specific requirements. ➣ Load Identification and Calculation: Identify and calculate the various loads that the skid frame will be subjected to, including the weight of equipment, piping, and other components, as well as operational loads (e.g., wind, seismic, thermal expansion, and process loads). Consider both static and dynamic loads, as well as transportation and lifting loads during the handling and installation phases. ➣ Structural Modelling and Analysis: Apply the calculated loads to the structural model and perform static and dynamic analyses to determine stresses, deformations, and support reactions. Analyse the skid frame for different loading scenarios, including transportation, installation, and operational conditions. ➣ Member Sizing and Design: Based on the analysis results, we size the structural members (beams, columns, bracing, and base frames) to meet the design code requirements for strength, deflection, and stability. We optimize the member sizes to balance strength, weight, and cost considerations. Later, we design appropriate connections (welded or bolted) between structural members, ensuring adequate load transfer and compliance with design codes. ➣ Support and Anchorage Design: We design the support system for the skid frame, considering the weight distribution, anchor bolt locations, and foundation requirements. Calculate the required anchor bolt sizes, embedment depths, and spacing based on the applied loads and foundation conditions. We coordinate with civil/structural engineers for foundation design and anchoring details. All civil scope is typically excluded at our end. ➣ Lifting and Transportation Design: After obtaining the COG, we eventually design the lifting lugs, spreader beams, or other lifting arrangements to facilitate safe transportation and installation of the skid frame. Perform lifting analyses to determine the appropriate lifting points, sling configurations, and lifting equipment requirements. Consider transportation constraints, such as clearances, weight limitations, and tie-down requirements, during the design process. ➣ Structural Detailing and Drawings: We prepare detailed fabrication drawings, including structural member dimensions, connection details, anchor bolt layouts, and any special instructions or requirements. Incorporate vendor information, equipment mounting details, and interface points into the structural drawings. Review and Approval: We ensure that we reduce the client review cycle time to obtain necessary approvals from relevant authorities or certifying bodies.