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a9dfff68-a7f3-4304-a135-5cd0f762f57e Back PRE-BID ENGINEERING AND FEED We can provide design support to your sales team during the tendering and preconception stages of the project while pre-bidding and estimation, where the level of detail depicted in the preliminary drawings and specific deliverables may vary depending on the project scope, complexity, and industry standards. Additionally, the design process often involves iterative reviews, calculations, and coordination among various engineering disciplines to ensure compliance with codes, standards, and project specifications. Our typical pre-bid engineering services are as enlisted below: - ➣ Preparation of Plot Plan - This would include a layout of the plant area, including the arrangement of major equipment, buildings, access roads, and other facilities. It considers factors like process flow, safety distances, future expansions, and site constraints. ➣ Preparation of PFD (Process Flow Diagram) - During the tendering/ pre-bidding stage the PFD would typically represent the overall process, showing the major equipment and the flow of materials through the process units. It serves as the basis for the more detailed P&ID. ➣ P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation Diagram) - During the feed or pre-bidding stage a preliminary P&ID is prepared, where the objective is to depict the interconnection of process equipment, piping, instrumentation, and control systems. ➣ 3D Model of the Facilities - Some of our clients prefer to create a primitive 3D model of the plant to include it as a part of their technical offer because it helps them visualize their plant/facility layout during the bidding stages. ➣ 2D Piping GA (General Arrangement) Drawing : The 2D Piping GA drawing is a top-down view of the piping layout, showing the major equipment locations and process piping layout and initial scheme. ➣ Equipment Pre-Bid Design : Before finalizing equipment purchases, pre-bid designs are prepared for major equipment like storage tanks, columns, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, and rectangular tanks. These designs include detailed specifications, dimensions, and requirements to obtain accurate quotes from vendors. ➣ Electrical and Instrumentation : This aspect involves designing the electrical power distribution system, control systems, instrumentation, and automation required for the plant. It includes selecting appropriate equipment, cable routing, control panel layouts, and integrating with the process control systems. ➣ Bill of Quantities (BOQ): The BOQ serves as the basis for cost estimation, procurement, and construction planning. In most cases the Bill of Quantities would typically include a detailed list of materials, equipment, and components required for the project. Separate BOQs may be prepared for different aspects, such as: Storage Tanks Columns Heat Exchangers Pressure Vessels Rectangular Tanks Piping and Pipe Supports Skid and Structural Access Platforms Electrical and Instrumentation

b937c31b-d473-4560-b41a-8c6fcd23ac68 Back Filtration Skid Package FILTERATION MODULAR PROCESS SKIDS Filtration modular process skids are compact and self-contained units designed for various filtration processes in the oil and gas, chemical, and other industries. These skids integrate multiple components and equipment required for filtration operations into a single modular package, providing a flexible and efficient solution for process applications. Filtration modular process skids typically consist of the following main components: ➣ Filter vessels: Depending on the filtration process and application, different types of filter vessels may be included, such as cartridge filters, bag filters, multimedia filters, or pressure leaf filters. ➣ Pumps: The skid incorporates pumps to circulate and transfer the process fluids through the filtration system. Common pump types used include centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps, or specialized pumps for handling specific fluid characteristics. ➣ Piping and valves: A network of piping and valves is integrated into the skid to direct the flow of fluids between different components and allow for proper isolation, control, and maintenance. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: Various instrumentation, such as flow meters, pressure gauges, and level indicators, are included to monitor and control the filtration process. The skid may also have a local control panel or be integrated with a larger plant control system. ➣ Ancillary equipment: Depending on the application, additional equipment may be included, such as backwash systems, air blowers, chemical dosing systems, or sludge handling systems. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which allows for easy transportation, installation, and relocation. Filtration modular process skids offer several advantages over traditional, field-erected filtration systems: ➣ Compact footprint: The modular design allows for efficient use of space, making it suitable for applications with limited available area. ➣ Pre-assembled and tested: The skids are typically pre-assembled and tested in a controlled environment, ensuring proper integration and functionality before deployment. ➣ Rapid deployment: Modular skids can be quickly transported and installed on-site, reducing project timelines and allowing for faster commissioning. ➣ Flexibility: The modular nature of the skids allows for easy modification, expansion, or reconfiguration to accommodate changing process requirements or future upgrades. ➣ Standardization: Skid manufacturers can offer standardized designs, which can lead to cost savings and streamlined maintenance procedures. Filtration modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including: • Produced water treatment in oil and gas production facilities • Process water treatment in refineries and petrochemical plants • Industrial wastewater treatment • Pretreatment for reverse osmosis or other membrane processes • Solid-liquid separation in mining and mineral processing operations The specific configuration and components of a filtration modular process skid are tailored to the specific application, fluid characteristics, and treatment requirements. Proper selection, sizing, and integration of the skid components are crucial for achieving efficient and reliable filtration performance. REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM NATURAL GAS WITH AMINE FILTRATION An amine filtration skid is a modular and transportable equipment used in the oil and gas industry for the removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from natural gas or other gas streams. It typically consists of the following main components: Amine Filtration Skid – Germany Amine Contactor: This is a vertical column or vessel where the gas stream is brought into contact with a liquid amine solution, typically an aqueous solution of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The amine solution selectively absorbs H2S and CO2 from the gas stream. Amine Regenerator: This is another column or vessel where the rich amine solution (containing absorbed H2S and CO2) is heated to release the absorbed gases. The regenerated lean amine solution is then recycled back to the amine contactor. Amine Circulation Pumps: These pumps are used to circulate the amine solution between the contactor and regenerator. Heat Exchanger: A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the hot, regenerated lean amine solution to the rich amine solution before it enters the regenerator, improving the overall energy efficiency of the process. Filters and Separators: Various filters and separators are included to remove any solid particles, liquid hydrocarbons, or other contaminants from the gas stream and amine solution. Instrumentation and Control Systems: The skid is equipped with instrumentation and control systems to monitor and regulate the process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, flow rates, and amine solution concentrations. The amine filtration skid is designed to be compact, modular, and portable, allowing it to be easily transported and installed at various oil and gas production sites or processing facilities. It is typically used as a pre-treatment step before other gas processing operations, such as dehydration or liquefaction, to ensure that the gas stream meets the required specifications for downstream processes or transportation. NUT SHELL FILTER AND HYDRO-CYCLONE FILTER SKID PRODUCED WATER Nut shell filter and hydro-cyclone filter skids are commonly used in the treatment of produced water in the oil and gas industry. These skids are designed to remove solid particles and other contaminants from the produced water stream. Here's an overview of each component: Nut Shell Filter Skid: Nut shell filters, also known as walnut shell filters or pecan shell filters, are a type of granular media filter that uses crushed nut shells as the filter media. The nut shell filter skid typically consists of the following components: a. Filter vessel: A pressure vessel containing the nut shell media bed. b. Influent and effluent connections: Piping connections for the untreated and treated water streams. c. Backwash system: A system for periodically backwashing the filter to remove accumulated solids and maintain filter performance. d. Instrumentation and controls: Instruments for monitoring pressure, flow, and other parameters, along with controls for automated operation. Nut shell filters are effective in removing suspended solids, including sand, silt, and other insoluble particles, from produced water. They are commonly used as a pre-treatment step before other treatment processes, such as desalination or water injection. Hydro-cyclone Filter Skid: Hydro-cyclone filters are centrifugal separation devices that use centrifugal force to remove solid particles from the fluid stream. A hydro-cyclone filter skid typically includes: a. Hydro-cyclone vessel(s): Conical vessels where the centrifugal separation occurs. b. Inlet and outlet connections: Piping connections for the untreated and treated water streams, as well as connections for the underflow (concentrated solids). c. Pumps: Pumps to provide the necessary pressure and flow for the hydro-cyclone operation. d. Instrumentation and controls: Instruments for monitoring pressure, flow, and other parameters, along with controls for automated operation. Hydro-cyclone filters are effective in removing coarse and dense solid particles, such as sand, from produced water. They are often used as a pre-treatment step before other filtration or treatment processes, as they can handle high solids loading and reduce the burden on downstream equipment. Both nut shell filter and hydro-cyclone filter skids are designed for modular and skid-mounted installation, making them easily transportable and suitable for various produced water treatment facilities. They can be used in combination with other treatment processes, such as coagulation, dissolved air flotation, or membrane filtration, to achieve the desired level of produced water treatment. The selection and configuration of these skids depend on factors such as the characteristics of the produced water, the required effluent quality, and the overall treatment process design. Proper operation and maintenance of these skids are crucial for ensuring efficient and reliable produced water treatment.

3cf4f625-0fdd-4ca7-97a8-2d5bb7e6a620 Back PROCUREMENT SUPPORT At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we perceive that Procurement Engineering Support plays a vital role in bridging the gap between engineering design and procurement activities, facilitating effective communication, and ensuring that the procured items align with the project's technical specifications and requirements. Our activities on Procurement engineering support involve: - ➣ During the initial stages of the project we carry out Estimation engineering involving the process of accurately estimating the costs, resources, and timelines associated with engineering projects. ➣ Preparation of Pre-bid Weight Estimation Sheet : A pre-bid weight estimation sheet is prepared to estimate the approximate weights of various equipment, piping, structural steel, and other materials required for the project. This estimation is based on preliminary design information, equipment specifications, and historical data from similar projects. The weight estimation sheet serves as a basis for logistics planning, transportation arrangements, and lifting/handling equipment requirements during the construction phase. ➣ Preparation of Valve Datasheets : These datasheets typically include information such as valve type, size, material of construction, pressure and temperature ratings, end connections, actuator requirements, and any special design conditions. ➣ Preparation of Mechanical Datasheets : Mechanical datasheets are prepared for various mechanical equipment, such as pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, vessels, and tanks. ➣ Preparation of Instrument Datasheets : Instrument datasheets are developed for various instrumentation and control devices used in the project, such as flow meters, pressure transmitters, temperature sensors, and control valves. ➣ Preparation of Material Requisition Documentation : The material requisition documentation serves as the basis for issuing requests for quotations (RFQs) or requests for proposals (RFPs) to potential suppliers and vendors. ➣ Preparing technical specifications and scope of work documents (SOW), requests for quotations (RFQs), and bid packages for suppliers and vendors. ➣ Identifying and evaluating potential subcontractors and service providers for various project scopes. ➣ Evaluating and selecting qualified subcontractors based on technical expertise, experience, pricing, and schedule compliance. ➣ Utilizing historical data , industry benchmarks, and cost databases to establish accurate cost estimates. ➣ Conducting value engineering and cost optimization studies to identify potential cost savings opportunities.

90576826-3492-48c4-b848-b8c4b6c7ebcb Back 3-D MODELLING AND CAD Technitas Pvt. Ltd. create virtual 3D models of the entire plant/facility by leveraging intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, We ensure accurate and consistent data management, efficient collaboration across disciplines, and automated generation of key deliverables, such as isometric drawings and bills of materials. This approach reduces manual effort, minimizes errors, and facilitates a more streamlined design process for small and medium-sized projects. Modular process skids, Plants and units can be modelled using intelligent drawing and database connectivity software, covering various aspects such as piping, structural steel, equipment, process and instrumentation diagrams, automatic generation of isometrics and bill of materials, clash-free layout and routing, technical specification preparation, and the utilization of 3D models for generating 2D piping general arrangement drawings and piping isometric drawings. ➣ Piping: The software allows for the creation of intelligent 3D piping models, incorporating specifications such as pipe sizes, materials, and component details. These models are connected to a centralized database, ensuring data consistency and enabling automatic updates throughout the design process. ➣ Structural Steel: The software facilitates the design of structural steel elements, such as beams, columns, and bracing, using intelligent 3D modelling tools. These models can be integrated with the piping and equipment models, ensuring proper coordination and identification of potential clashes or interferences. ➣ Equipment: The software supports the modelling of various types of equipment, including vessels, tanks, columns, and heat exchangers. These equipment models can be imported or created within the software, and their connections to piping and structural elements can be established. ➣ Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) : The software allows for the creation of intelligent P&IDs, which are linked to the 3D models and database. Changes made to the P&ID are automatically reflected in the 3D models, and vice versa, ensuring consistency throughout the design process. ➣ Automatic Generation of Isometrics and Bill of Materials: One of the key advantages of intelligent drawing and database connectivity software is the ability to automatically generate piping isometric drawings and bill of materials (BOM) directly from the 3D piping models. This automation significantly reduces manual effort and minimizes the potential for errors. ➣ Clash-Free Layout and Routing: The software includes powerful clash detection and resolution tools, enabling designers to identify and resolve potential clashes between piping, structural steel, and equipment models. This ensures a clash-free layout and routing, reducing rework and facilitating smoother construction and installation processes. ➣ Technical Specification Preparation: The software can be integrated with technical specification preparation tools, allowing designers to generate comprehensive technical specifications based on the project requirements and the 3D models. These specifications can include materials, dimensions, codes and standards, and other relevant information. ➣ 2D Piping General Arrangement Drawing Generation: The 3D models created within the software can be utilized to generate 2D piping general arrangement drawings. These drawings provide a top-down view of the piping layout, equipment locations, and other important details, serving as a reference for construction and installation activities. ➣ Piping Isometric Drawing Generation: In addition to automatic isometric generation from the 3D piping models, the software also provides tools for generating detailed piping isometric drawings. These drawings are essential for fabrication and installation, showing accurate dimensions, orientations, and locations of all piping components, including pipes, fittings, valves, and supports.

be146099-2f9f-4e8d-bfcf-b91befb0f818 Back EQUIPMENT DESIGN At Technitas Pvt. Ltd., Static Equipment design involves thorough engineering calculations, adherence to relevant codes and standards, project specification, and considerations for various loading conditions, operational requirements, and safety factors. Our software tools and team of checkers and reviewers ensure reduced client approval cycle time. We ensure that there is a seamless collaboration and effective interface between our designers and drafting team while performing mechanical design calculations, preparing drawings, and documentation. In some cases, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and other advanced computational methods are often employed for complex geometries or loading scenarios especially for nozzles which must sustain higher loading conditions, or in cases where fatigue analysis is required. Equipment categories include the following: - ➣ Vertical pressure vessels are cylindrical vessels with their axis oriented vertically, commonly used for storage, processing, or separation of liquids and gases under pressure. Design aspects include shell thickness calculations, head types (e.g., ellipsoidal, hemispherical), nozzle reinforcements, and support types (skirt, leg, or trunnion). This includes, Agitator vessels, tanks, reactors, filters, etc. ➣ Skirt Support ➣ Leg Support ➣ Trunnion Support ➣ Conical Bottom Head ➣ Horizontal Pressure Vessels - Horizontal pressure vessels are cylindrical vessels with their axis oriented horizontally, often used for storage or processing of liquids and gases. Design aspects include shell thickness calculations, head types (e.g., ellipsoidal, torispherical), saddle support locations, and nozzle reinforcements. ➣ Vessels with Limpet Coils / half-pipe jacket - Vessels with limpet coils have external coils or jackets attached to the vessel shell for heating or cooling purposes. Design considerations include coil sizing, coil attachment methods, thermal expansion provisions, and potential for shell temperature gradients. ➣ Jacketed Vessels – Consist of an outer jacket or shell surrounding the main vessel, creating an annular space that can be used for heating, cooling, or insulation purposes. Design aspects include jacket sizing, support arrangements, nozzle extensions, and provisions for thermal expansion. ➣ Storage Tanks (API 650) - Large-scale storage tanks for liquids and gases are designed according to the API 650 standard, Key design factors include tank capacity, product density, operating pressure and temperature, roof type (fixed or floating), and foundation design. ➣ Rectangular tanks used for storage or processing of liquids and are designed based on principles from Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain or Young's Formulas for Stress and Strain. Design considerations include plate thickness calculations, stiffener sizing and spacing, nozzle reinforcements, and foundation design. ➣ Heat Exchanger (TEMA) - Heat exchangers are designed to facilitate heat transfer between two or more fluid streams, following the standards set by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA). Design aspects include shell and tube sizing, tube bundle layout, baffle spacing, and considerations for pressure drop, fouling, and thermal expansion. ➣ Columns/Tall Towers/Steel Stacks - Columns, tall towers, and steel stacks are vertical structures used for separation, absorption, or emission of gases or liquids. Design factors include column/tower height, diameter, wall thickness calculations, wind and seismic load considerations, and support structures (e.g., skirts, lugs, or guy wires).

d6ddcac2-2106-4fd9-964e-0481ebf7f664 Back PIPING ENGINEERING At Technitas Pvt. Ltd., we ensure that the Piping design phase involves close collaboration between piping designers, process engineers, stress analysts, and other disciplines to ensure that the piping systems are designed in compliance with applicable codes and standards, meeting the project requirements and specifications while considering factors such as accessibility, maintainability, and cost-effectiveness. Typical set of piping engineering deliverables include :- ➣ Plot Plan- Detailed layout drawing would depict the entire plant area, including the arrangement of major equipment, buildings, access roads, and other facilities. It would serve as the basis for piping routing and helps identify potential clashes or interferences during the piping design phase. ➣ Piping Line List / Critical Line List - The piping line list is a document that lists all the individual piping lines in the plant, along with their unique line numbers, service descriptions, and other relevant information. A critical line list identifies the piping lines that are critical to the process or safety, requiring additional attention and specific design considerations. ➣ Piping Material Specifications (PMS) - The PMS is a document that specifies the materials of construction for piping components, such as pipes, fittings, valves, and flanges. It considers factors like process conditions, fluid properties, and corrosion resistance requirements. The PMS ensures consistency in material selection and compliance with relevant codes and standards. ➣ 3-D Modeling of Plant Piping - Advanced 3D modeling software is used to create a comprehensive 3D model of the plant piping systems. The 3D model helps visualize the piping layout, identify potential clashes or interferences, and supports the generation of isometric drawings and other fabrication documents. ➣ Piping Layout Drawing - The piping layout drawing is a detailed 2D or 3D representation of the piping systems, showing the actual routing, elevations, and connections to equipment. It includes information such as pipe sizes, materials, and locations of valves, fittings, and other components. The piping layout drawing is used for construction, fabrication, and installation purposes. ➣ Piping Material Take-Off - The piping material take-off is a detailed list of all the piping components required for the project, including pipes, fittings, valves, flanges, and gaskets. It is generated based on the piping layout drawings and is used for procurement and material planning purposes. ➣ Piping Isometric Drawings - Piping isometric drawings are 3D representations of individual piping lines or spools, showing accurate dimensions, orientations, and the locations of all components (pipes, fittings, valves, etc.).These drawings are used for fabrication purposes and serve as a reference for welders and pipefitters during installation. ➣ Valve List – list of all the valves used in the piping systems, along with their unique valve numbers, types, sizes, materials, and other relevant information. It is used for procurement, installation, and maintenance purposes. ➣ Valve Datasheets - Valve datasheets are comprehensive documents that provide detailed specifications for each valve, including dimensions, pressure and temperature ratings, materials of construction, and other technical information. These datasheets ensure that the correct valves are procured and installed in the piping systems. ➣ Piping Support Schedule - The piping support schedule document would include a list of all the pipe supports required for the piping systems, including their types, locations, and loading information. It is used for the design and fabrication of pipe supports and ensures adequate support for the piping systems. ➣ Pipe Support Drawings – Detail fabrication drawings that show the design and dimensions of various pipe support types, such as guides, anchors, shoes, and spring hangers. These drawings are used for the fabrication and installation of pipe supports, ensuring proper support and allowing for thermal expansion and contraction of the piping systems.

99ce2145-f6b5-4472-bc0b-7ba8460df407 Back STRUCTURAL DESIGN Structural design for skid frames is an important aspect in the oil and gas, petrochemical, and process industries. Skid frames are typically used to support and integrate multiple pieces of equipment, piping, and instrumentation into a modular unit, facilitating transportation, installation, and maintenance. Technitas Pvt. Ltd. ensure that the structural design of skid frames involve seamless collaboration between structural engineers, equipment vendors, piping designers, and other disciplines to ensure a safe, robust, and practical design that meets the project requirements and facilitates efficient transportation, installation, and operation. At Technitas Pvt. Ltd. we consider all the key steps involved in structural design for skid frames including: ➣ Design Codes and Standards: The structural design of skid frames is typically governed by relevant design codes and standards, such as ASCE/SEI 7-10 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures) , AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code - Steel), and local building codes or project-specific requirements. ➣ Load Identification and Calculation: Identify and calculate the various loads that the skid frame will be subjected to, including the weight of equipment, piping, and other components, as well as operational loads (e.g., wind, seismic, thermal expansion, and process loads). Consider both static and dynamic loads, as well as transportation and lifting loads during the handling and installation phases. ➣ Structural Modelling and Analysis: Apply the calculated loads to the structural model and perform static and dynamic analyses to determine stresses, deformations, and support reactions. Analyse the skid frame for different loading scenarios, including transportation, installation, and operational conditions. ➣ Member Sizing and Design: Based on the analysis results, we size the structural members (beams, columns, bracing, and base frames) to meet the design code requirements for strength, deflection, and stability. We optimize the member sizes to balance strength, weight, and cost considerations. Later, we design appropriate connections (welded or bolted) between structural members, ensuring adequate load transfer and compliance with design codes. ➣ Support and Anchorage Design: We design the support system for the skid frame, considering the weight distribution, anchor bolt locations, and foundation requirements. Calculate the required anchor bolt sizes, embedment depths, and spacing based on the applied loads and foundation conditions. We coordinate with civil/structural engineers for foundation design and anchoring details. All civil scope is typically excluded at our end. ➣ Lifting and Transportation Design: After obtaining the COG, we eventually design the lifting lugs, spreader beams, or other lifting arrangements to facilitate safe transportation and installation of the skid frame. Perform lifting analyses to determine the appropriate lifting points, sling configurations, and lifting equipment requirements. Consider transportation constraints, such as clearances, weight limitations, and tie-down requirements, during the design process. ➣ Structural Detailing and Drawings: We prepare detailed fabrication drawings, including structural member dimensions, connection details, anchor bolt layouts, and any special instructions or requirements. Incorporate vendor information, equipment mounting details, and interface points into the structural drawings. Review and Approval: We ensure that we reduce the client review cycle time to obtain necessary approvals from relevant authorities or certifying bodies.

0ee1780c-d0c1-4e8e-8e6a-9b33ef4938a0 Back Flow Metering Skid A flow metering skid, also known as a Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) skid, are specialized metering and transfer systems used in the oil and gas industry to accurately measure and transfer custody of produced liquid hydrocarbons (oil or condensate) from the production site to the pipeline or transportation system. Project - LACT SKID Location – Venezuela, South America The LACT skid typically consists of the following main components: ➣ Separators: These vessels separate the incoming multiphase fluid stream (oil, gas, and water) into individual phases. Separators may include a two-phase or three-phase separator, depending on the requirements. ➣ Metering runs: The metering runs consist of a section of piping designed to provide accurate measurement of the liquid hydrocarbons. They typically include: • Meter prover: A calibrated section of piping used to verify the accuracy of the flow meter. • Flow meter: A device that measures the volumetric flow rate of the liquid hydrocarbons, such as a turbine meter, Coriolis meter, or positive displacement meter. • Strainers and filters: These components protect the flow meter from damage caused by solid particles or debris. ➣ Sample systems: Sample systems are used to obtain representative samples of the liquid hydrocarbons for quality analysis and custody transfer purposes. ➣ Instrumentation and control systems: The LACT skid is equipped with various instrumentation, such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, and densitometers, as well as a control system to monitor and regulate the metering and custody transfer process. ➣ Valves and piping: Appropriate valves and piping are used to control the flow of fluids through the skid and facilitate maintenance and operations. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which provides a compact and transportable solution for easy installation and relocation. LACT skids ensure that the volume and quality of the liquid hydrocarbons are accurately measured and recorded, facilitating the proper allocation of production, royalty payments, and compliance with regulatory requirements. They are designed to meet industry standards and specifications for custody transfer operations, ensuring reliable and consistent measurements. These skids have been commonly used in various oil and gas production facilities, including onshore and offshore platforms, as well as in gathering and processing systems. They play a crucial role in the accurate accounting and transfer of produced hydrocarbons, enabling efficient and transparent transactions between producers, transporters, and buyers.

bca0894b-b245-4c8c-9383-7bca2ab34a19 Back Glycol Dehydration Package A glycol dehydration modular process skid is a self-contained and pre-assembled unit designed for removing water vapor from natural gas streams. These skids are commonly used in natural gas processing plants, production facilities, and pipeline systems to ensure the gas meets the required dew point specifications for transportation and downstream processes. Glycol Dehydration modular package of capacity 84000 BPD A typical glycol dehydration modular process skid consists of the following key components: ➣ Glycol contactor: The main component of the skid is the glycol contactor, which is a vertical column or vessel where the natural gas stream encounters a liquid desiccant, typically triethylene glycol (TEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG). The glycol absorbs the water vapor from the natural gas as it flows counter currently through the contactor. ➣ Glycol regeneration system: This system is responsible for regenerating the rich (water-saturated) glycol solution by removing the absorbed water. It typically consists of: a. Glycol reboiler or regeneration column: A heat source (e.g., a fired reboiler or a heat exchanger) is used to vaporize the absorbed water from the rich glycol solution, producing a lean (dry) glycol solution. b. Condenser and glycol cooler: The water vapor from the regeneration column is condensed and separated, while the lean glycol solution is cooled before being recirculated back to the contactor. ➣ Glycol circulation pumps: Pumps are used to circulate the lean and rich glycol streams between the contactor and the regeneration system. ➣ Glycol flash tank: A flash tank may be included to remove any dissolved gases from the rich glycol stream before it enters the regeneration system. ➣ Heat exchangers: Various heat exchangers may be incorporated for efficient energy recovery and temperature control of the glycol streams. ➣ Instrumentation and controls: The skid consists of instrumentation such as pressure gauges, temperature sensors, flow meters, and level indicators, along with a control system for monitoring and managing the dehydration process. ➣ Piping and valves: Appropriate piping and valves are included for the inlet and outlet gas streams, as well as for the glycol circulation and ancillary systems. ➣ Skid structure: The entire assembly is mounted on a skid or base, which enables easy transportation, installation, and relocation of the unit. GLYCOL DEHYDRATION PROCESS ➣ A glycol dehydration unit is a process unit used in the natural gas industry to remove water vapor from natural gas streams. It is an essential component in natural gas processing plants and pipeline systems, as the presence of water vapor in natural gas can lead to various problems, including hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation during transportation and processing. ➣ The glycol dehydration unit may also include additional components such as filters, pumps, heat exchangers, and control systems to ensure efficient and reliable operation. ➣ The primary objective of the glycol dehydration unit is to reduce the water vapor content of the natural gas stream to meet the desired specifications for transportation and downstream processes. Dry natural gas helps prevent hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation issues, ensuring safe and efficient transportation and processing. KEY BENEFITS OF A MODULAR SET UP Glycol dehydration modular process skids offer several advantages, including: ➣ Compact footprint: The modular design allows for efficient use of space, making it suitable for applications with limited available area, such as offshore platforms or remote locations. ➣ Pre-assembled and tested: The skids are typically pre-assembled and tested in a controlled environment, ensuring proper integration and functionality before deployment. ➣ Rapid deployment: Modular skids can be quickly transported and installed on-site, reducing project timelines and allowing for faster commissioning. ➣ Standardization: Skid manufacturers can offer standardized designs, which can lead to cost savings and streamlined maintenance procedures. Glycol dehydration modular process skids are widely used in various applications, including natural gas processing plants, offshore platforms, onshore production facilities, and pipeline systems, where effective dehydration of natural gas is essential for preventing hydrate formation, corrosion, and condensation issues during transportation and downstream processes.

An Early Production Facility (EPF) in the oil and gas industry is a production facility designed to enable rapid production from a newly discovered crude oil production field. Back EARLY PRODUCTION FACILITY An Early Production Facility (EPF) in the oil and gas industry is a production facility designed to enable rapid production from a newly discovered crude oil production field. The modular nature of EPF process skids allows for easy transportation, rapid installation, and integration into the EPF layout. The specific combination and configuration of skids depend on the characteristics of the well fluids, production rates, and the desired level of processing required during the early production phase. Modular Process Skids: In an Early Production Facility (EPF) for the oil and gas industry, modular process skids are extensively utilized to provide a compact, prefabricated, and easily deployable solution for various processing operations. These modular skids are designed to handle the production and treatment of well fluids during the early stages of field development. Some common modular process skids found in an EPF include: ➣ Well testing skids: These skids are used for initial well testing and evaluation, incorporating equipment such as chokes, separators, and metering systems. They allow for controlled flow and separation of the well fluids, enabling accurate measurement of production rates and fluid properties. ➣ Separation skids: Separation skids incorporate two-phase or three-phase separators to separate the well stream into gas, oil/condensate, and water phases. Additional components like inlet heaters, mist extractors, and level control systems may be integrated into the skid. ➣ Stabilization skids: Stabilization skids are used to condition the produced oil or condensate by removing light hydrocarbon components and meeting transportation specifications. They may include components like heater treaters, flash tanks, and vapor recovery units. ➣ Dehydration skids: Dehydration skids, such as glycol dehydration skids, are used to remove water vapor from the gas stream, preventing hydrate formation and corrosion issues. They typically consist of a glycol contactor, regeneration system, and associated pumps and heat exchangers. ➣Metering and custody transfer skids (LACT skids): LACT (Lease Automatic Custody Transfer) skids are used for accurate measurement and custody transfer of the produced liquids (oil or condensate). They incorporate components like meter provers, flow meters, samplers, and instrumentation for precise volume and quality measurements. ➣ Produced water treatment skids: These skids are designed to treat and manage the produced water stream, removing contaminants like oil, solids, and dissolved salts. They may include various treatment processes such as hydrocyclones, nutshell filters, and compact flotation units. ➣ Flare and vent skids: Flare and vent skids are used for safe disposal of excess gases or relief during upset conditions, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations. Modular process skids in EPFs offer advantages such as standardized designs, pre-fabrication in controlled environments, and the ability to scale or reconfigure the facility as needed. They contribute to the flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and rapid deployment of EPFs, enabling operators to effectively manage the early stages of field development and maximize the value of their assets. Primary Objectives: ➣ Early cash flow generation: By bringing the field into production quickly, an EPF allows operators to generate cash flow from the sale of hydrocarbons, which can help offset some of the exploration and development costs. ➣ Reservoir evaluation: The production data and fluid samples obtained from an EPF provide valuable information about the reservoir characteristics, such as pressure, flow rates, and fluid composition, which aids in optimizing the field development plan. ➣ Proof of concept: An EPF serves as a proof of concept, demonstrating the viability of the field and the potential for commercial production, which can attract investment and support further development. ➣ An EPF in the oil and gas industry typically consists of the following key components: ➣ Well testing and production equipment: This includes wellheads, surface flow lines, chokes, and separators to control and process the well fluids. ➣ Processing facilities: Depending on the field characteristics, processing facilities may include separation units, stabilization units, dehydration units, and basic treatment systems to condition the produced hydrocarbons for transportation or storage. ➣ Storage facilities: Temporary storage tanks or vessels for holding the produced oil, gas, and water before transportation or disposal. ➣ Metering and testing equipment: Flow meters, sampling systems, and analytical equipment to measure and monitor the production rates and fluid properties. ➣ Utilities and support systems: Power generation, flaring systems, and other ancillary equipment required for the operation of the facility. Design and Construction: EPFs are designed with a focus on modularity, mobility, and rapid deployment. They are typically constructed using prefabricated and skid-mounted components, which can be easily transported and assembled on-site. The modular nature of EPFs allows for flexibility in scaling up or down the production capacity as needed, based on the initial field evaluation and subsequent development plans. EPFs are often designed to be self-contained and self-sufficient, with their own power generation, utilities, and ancillary systems, making them suitable for remote or deserted locations. Operation and Maintenance: EPFs are operated by a relatively small crew, as they are designed for temporary and streamlined operations. Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the EPF, given its temporary nature and the potential for harsh environmental conditions. Preventive maintenance programs and contingency plans are typically in place to minimize downtime and address any potential issues promptly.

PROJECTS Design And Detail Engineering Services Read More Multiport Selector Manifold Valve skid Read More Separation Skid Package Read More Filtration Skid Package Read More Flow Metering Skid Read More Glycol Dehydration Package Read More Early Production Facility Read More Fitness for Service Read More